Ventilator.



1LT. SENTER & L. A. KLING.

VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2, 1911.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

UAW

TED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

RALPH '1'. SENTER, or BUFFALO, NEW Yo NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE RK, AND LOUIS A. KLING, OF ELIZABETH,

ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE NEAR-SIDE CAR COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

VENTILATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 20,1912.

7 Aplplication filed August 2, 1911. Serial No. 641,962.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, RALrH T. SENTER and LOUIS A. KLING, citizens of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, and at Elizaboth, New Jersey, respectively, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ventilators, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

Our invention relates to ventilators, and particularly to ventilators for use upon the roofs of passenger cars; and it is especially applicable to cars which are intended to be run at a' comparatively low speed,-such, for instance, as trolley cars and the like.

It is the principal object of our invention to provide a roof ventilator of a simple and durable construction which will perform its duties efliciently when the relative movement between it and the air is comparatively slow, and which will be simple and durable and will meet the various practical requirements for devices of this character.

A ventilator constructed. in accordance with our invention is described in the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a sectional elevation of a ventilator congtructed in accordance-with our invention, a portion of the roof of'the car being also shown; Fig. 2 is a plan of the ventilator; and Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view showing the ventilator and a portion of the roof of the car to which it is attached. Referring now to the drawings, 10 indicates the top deck which, with the lining 11, formsthe roof of the car, lining being, spaced apartas is usual in car construction. The deck 10 and lining 11. are formed with oppositely disposed apertures for receiving the flue pipe 12 which is provided at its upper edge with a flange 13, adapted to rest upon the top surface of the deck 10. The ventilator is usually placed in the county of Union and State of" at 22 to such an the deck and the out as at 16. The extension 15 is so formed that, while its lower edge conforms to the slope of the top edge of the flue pipe 12, its upper edge is horizontal. The flue pipe 12 and the extension 15 together form a flue leading from the interior of the car, through which the foul air may pass out from the car.

A plurality of standards 17 are secured within the mouth of the flue and serve to support ahorizontal hood 18, the. central portion of which is flat and the edge of which extends downwardly in the form of a frusto-conical flange 19. The diameter of the hood is greater than that of the flared mouth of the flue; so that any snow, water, or other foreign matter which would otherwise fall into the flue, is deflected by the hood onto the deck 10 of the car.

The hood 18 and the mouth of the flue are surrounded by a bonnet, which consists of a cylindrical member 20, the lower edge of which is sloped to .conform to the slope of the roof of the car and is formed with a flange 21 by means of which the bonnet is secured to the deck 10. The upper edge of the cylindrical member 20 is sloped inwardly extent that the diameter of the open end of the sloped portion is substantially equal to that of the flat portion of the hood 18 and is greater than that of the top end of the flue. The slope of the portion 22 is substantially the same as that of the flange 19 of the hood 18. The open end of the flared portion 22 is formed with a vertically extending flange 23 the height of which maybe varied as will hereinafter appear. v 7

It will be noted that the ventilator, the construct-ion of which has been above described, possesses several distinctive characteristics. First, the exterior contour of the bonnet or exterior casing of the ventilator is such as to present to the air currents two vertical surfaces arranged heights and -conn ected by an inclined surface, the upper vertical surface being arranged in juxtaposition to the horizontal opening in the bonnet. The bonnet being circular in cross section it will be obvious that the character of the surfaces presented to the air currents will be the same regardat different less of the direction from which they'come,

rectionor the wind may be blowing from any point of the compass. In each instance the ventilator will present two vertical sur faces and an inclined surface to the air currents, one of the vertical surfaces being arranged adjacent to the horizontal opening in the bonnet. In this connection it will be understood thatthe term air currents is employed with reference to the body of air which comes in contact with the ventilator. The contact between the air and the ventilator may be due either to the movement of the air relatively to the ventilator, as whena wind is blowing, or it may be due to the movement of the ventilator relatively to the air currents, as, when the car is moving and the air is substantially stationary. In either instance that portion of the air which comes in contact with the lower vertical surfaceof the bonnet. will be deflected u wardly and W111 pass along the inclined sur ace, together with that portion of the air which contacts dlrectly wlth this inclined surface. -The air passing along the inclined surface'will impmge against the upper vertical surface or flange and Will be again deflected upward,

as will also the air which contacts-directly with this upper vertical surface. This whole body of air, which is deflected upward by the upper vertical surface, will move across the horizontal opening in the bonnet at a sharp angle to the plane of this opening. The degree of this an le will, of course,, vary under different conditions, but under all normal conditions the path of the air currents passing over the opening will be so close to the plane of the opening as to producea. maximum ofsuction within the bonnet and at the same time to permit the escape of the air which is drawn through the ventilator. By means ofthis construction of the ventilator and the result? action of the air currents we produce within the ventllator, a maximum of suction and thereby provide a ventilator of a very high efliciency.

To facilitate the passage of thev air throu h the ventilator and thereby increase the e ciency of the ventilator we so construct and arrange the several parts'of the ventilator as to provide successively increaslng'clearances of air areas, thereby materially reducing the friction between the air and the several parts of the ventilator and enabling the same to pass quickly and easily through the ventilator. It will be noted that the arrangement of the hood with relation to the flue is such that the plane of the lower edge of the hood is adjacent to, or if desired'coincident with, the plane of the upper edge of 'theflue and that the clearance between the edge of the flue and the hood-is greater than the area of the flue;

that the clearance between the hood and the adjacent portion of the bonnet is greater than the clearance between the flue and the hood and that the area of the opening in the bonnet is greater than the clearance between the hood and the bonnet.

Still another very valuable characteristic of the ventilator is that feature of its, construction which enables its height to be varied without modifying the mam features of construction of the ventilator or altering the tween the top of the car and fixed objects along the line, such as bridges and other overhead structures. By increasin the greatest height permitted by the clearance along any one line without the necessity of redesigning the interior of the ventilator and calculating new areas. The ventilators are usually placed upon the sloping" portions of the roof of the car. The shape of the roofs ofdifferent cars vary and consequently the height of the ventilator necessary to bring the top of the same level with or above the trolley plank and other structures on the roof will vary. This variation in height can easily be taken care 0f in the present ventilator by varying the height of the flange upon the top thereof and in this manner the ventilators on both sides of the car will be exposed to the cross currents of air.

In the course snow, rain 'and foreign particles will fall through the mouth of the bonnet onto the hood 18 and will be deflected thence onto be or decreasing the height of the vertical ange 23 it is possible to construct the ventilator of of the use of the ventilator,

deck 10. In order to provide for the removal of the moisture which would otherwise thus accumulate in the bottom of the bonnet,'we

provide 'the bonnet with' an outlet 24 at the side thereof which will be lowest when the ventilator is inposition on the roof of the car. Any moisture which may enter the bonnet will drain off across the deck 10' througlrthis outlet. Owing to the extension 15, which projects above the surface of the deck 10, it is not possible for any water which ,may flow acrossthe deck to enter the flue.

In order to preclude any chance of foreign particles finding their way into the car through the ventilator, we provide a screen or grille 24 at the lower end of the flue pipe 12.

The device operatesas'follows: When the car upon which the ventilator is being used, is in motion, the movement of the air past themouth of the bonnet induces a partial vacuum in theventilator, with the effect that air is drawn out from the car'through through varying in accordance with the displacement desired-are usually employed. As will be seen from the above, the ventilator is of an extremely simple and durable construction and it is completely safeguarded against the entrance of raw or foreign particles; moreover, experiment has shown that it has a high exhaustive power when it is passing the air at a low rate of speed.

In cars of the type in which the sash, when raised, enters the roof of the car the flue pipe 12 may be omitted between the deck and lining, to allow for the movement of the sash. 1

While we have shown and described one embodiment of our invention it will be understood that this has been chosen for the purpose of illustration only and that we do not desire to be limited to the details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a ventilator, a flue, a hood supported above the upper end of said flue and a bonnet inclosing the upper end of the flue and the hood, said bonnet being closed at its lower end and having an opening in the upper end thereof arranged in a substantially horizontal plane and also having a substantially vertical surface arranged in juxtaposition 'to said opening and exposed to air currents.

2. In a ventilator, a flue, a hood supported above the upper end of said flue and a bonnet inclosing the upper end of said flue and said hoodand closed-at its lower end, said an opening in the upper end bonnet having I thereof arranged in a substantially horizontal plane and also having two substantially vertical surfaces arranged at different heights and connected by an inclined surface, one of said vertical surfaces being in juxtaposition to said opening.

3. A ventilator comprising mounted above said flue, a cylindrical bonnet inclosing the hood and the upper end of the flue, said bonnet being closed at its lower end and having a frusto-conical upper portion terminating in an opening surrounded by a substantially vertical flange.

4:. In a ventilator, a flue, a hood supported above the upper end of said flue, and a bona flue, a hood net inclosing the upper end of said flue and said hood, said bonnet having an opening in 'the upper end thereof, the size and arrangement of said parts being such as to provide successively increasing air areas from the flue to the opening in the bonnet.

5. In a ventilator, a flue having its upper end flared outwardly and upwardly, a hood of greaterdiameter than said flue supported above the upper end thereof and having its lower end flared outwardly and downwardly and arranged in a plane adjacent to the plane of the upper end of said flue, a bonnet 1nclosing the upper end of said flue and said hood and comprising a cylindrical lower portion and a superposed frusto-co'nical portion having an opening in the upper end thereof, the area of the space between the flared upper end of said flue and said hood being greater than the cross sectional area of the flue, the area of the space between said hood and said bonnet being greater than the area of the space between said flue and said hood and the area of the opening in said bonnet being greater than the area of the space between said bonnet and said hood.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names, each in the presence of two witnesses.

RALPH T. SENTER. LOUIS A. KLING.

Witnesses:

J 0s. H. KLEIN, VM. A. BARR. 

